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Miércoles, 18 Marzo 2015 23:43

El cerebro de los niños en la era digital

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La Generación Z, que ha crecido con los videojuegos y los teléfonos móviles, ha ganado aptitudes cerebrales en lo que se refiere a la velocidad y los automatismos, en detrimento de otras como el razonamiento y el autocontrol, explica el profesor de Psicología Olivier Houdé.

Director del laboratorio de psicología del desarrollo y educación infantil del CNRS-La Sorbonne y autor del libro "Aprender a resistir", Houdé preconiza un aprendizaje adaptado a estas mutaciones.

Pregunta: ¿Es diferente el cerebro de los niños nacidos en la era digital?

Respuesta: "El cerebro es el mismo, pero los circuitos utilizados cambian. Frente a las pantallas, y en la vida en general, los nativos digitales tienen una especie de tren de alta velocidad cerebral que va del ojo al pulgar. Utilizan sobre todo una zona del cerebro, el córtex prefrontal, para mejorar esa rapidez de decisión y de adaptación multitarea, ligadas a las emociones. Pero esto se hace en detrimento de otra función de esta zona, más lenta, de distanciamiento, de síntesis personal y de resistencia cognitiva".

P: ¿A qué llama usted "resistencia cognitiva"?

R: "Hay tres sistemas en el cerebro humano. Uno es rápido, automático e intuitivo, altamente requerido en el uso de pantallas. El otro es más lento, lógico y reflexivo. Un tercer sistema en el córtex prefrontal permite arbitrar entre los dos primeros: el corazón de la inteligencia. Permite inhibir los automatismos del pensamiento cuando se hace necesaria la aplicación de la lógica o de la moral. Es la resistencia cognitiva. Inhibir, es resistir. Los nativos digitales deben reaprender a resistir para pensar mejor".

P: ¿Cómo puede traducirse esto en la vida de los niños?

R: "Es un proceso de adaptación notable, de toma de distancia que permite resistir a las respuestas impulsivas.

Pero la maduración de este proceso es lenta en el curso del desarrollo del niño y del adolescente. Es por eso que hay que educarlo y entrenarlo intensamente en el colegio. Es lo que yo llamo 'aprender a resistir', una pedagogía del control cognitivo. Nosotros lo hemos demostrado en el laboratorio, pero aún falta por demostrar sus aplicaciones en la escuela. Es útil para el razonamiento, la categorización pero también la lectura o las matemáticas".

P: ¿Y puede tener una utilidad social este mecanismo cerebral?

"Permite, por ejemplo, evitar decisiones absurdas, a veces de manera colectiva, en una empresa. Permite también resistir, en nuestras democracias, a las creencias erróneas: las teorías del complot, por ejemplo, o estereotipos muy anclados. Y la resistencia cognitiva es también un factor de tolerancia. Permite la inteligencia interpersonal, es decir, la capacidad de callar su propio punto de vista para favorecer el del otro.

Cuando los atentados de París llevan a hablar de 'desradicalización', de lo que se trata es de esa resistencia cognitiva. Educar el cerebro es enseñarle a resistir a su propia sinrazón. Un verdadero desafío para las ciencias cognitivas y para la sociedad actual".

ORIGEN: http://quo.mx/noticias/2015/02/11/el-cerebro-de-los-ninos-en-la-era-digital

Read 2935 times Last modified on Domingo, 11 Noviembre 2018 19:33
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